Which of the following refers to the legal restrictions on what can be included in a lawsuit?

The correct choice refers to "standing," which is a legal principle that determines whether a party has the right to bring a lawsuit. Standing requires that the party has a sufficient connection to and harm from the law or action challenged to support that party's participation in the case. In the context of legal restrictions on lawsuits, standing ensures that only parties with a legitimate interest in the matter can bring their claims before the court.

This concept is foundational in ensuring that the judicial system is used appropriately and that courts are not burdened with cases from individuals who lack a direct stake in the outcome. Establishing standing involves demonstrating that the party has suffered an actual injury or has been threatened with an injury that is fairly traceable to the actions of the defendant and that the injury can be redressed by a favorable court decision.

The other options highlight different aspects of the legal process but do not specifically address the restrictions on who can sue. Judicial immunity refers to the protection judges have from liability for their judicial actions, causation deals with the relationship between a party's action and the resulting effect, and discovery is the pretrial phase where parties exchange information relevant to the case. These concepts, while vital to the larger context of litigation, do not directly pertain to the legal